Analysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1522 Words

The amount of torture presented in the play Othello opens up the discussions of how deep does this torture go. Was Othello the only one to be tortured throughout the play and what kind of torture is this considered when Iago doesn’t touch a single person until the end of the play. Iago’s behind the scenes and not so behind the scene multiplication moves the play along at a pace that makes it impossible not to place on the blame on him. The question is not if he is at fault by the end of the play; the question ends up being how many deaths brought on by a psychological torture caused by Iago is actually his fault. Timothy Turner introduces the idea, that â€Å"the effectiveness of a different kind of coercion, described [is] a psychological†¦show more content†¦It sets up a sense of foreshadowing in the play of what’s to come for anyone who crosses Iago’s path. Brabantio calls out: Strike on the tinder, ho! Give me a taper, call up all my people! This accident is not unlike my dream, Belief of it oppresses me already. Light, I say, light (Shakespeare, 1.1.144-148) In this case, Iago torturing Brabantio is easy, simply, because this is every father’s worst nightmare coming to life. Brabantio is voicing that he’s dreamt this might happen. It’s the one thing any father dreads their little girl doing. Desdemona loving and marrying Othello gives Iago all the pull he needs. If not for their marriage everyone in this play might have come out safe, of course this is not the case. Brabantio’s suffering comes to an end pretty quick only because Desdemona puts it to an end as she explains to her father she wasn’t spelled and that she is choosing Othello over her father. Though this isn’t the first twisting of words Iago’s thrown out onto someone and watched the disaster take its shape. Which now brings us to Roderigo. Iago’s planted the seeds withinShow MoreRelatedOthello Analysis : Othello By William Shakespeare1115 Words   |  5 PagesRiley Thompson Professor Grill LIT 200 2 November 2014 Othello Analysis Assignment Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a â€Å"tragedy.† Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2413 Words   |  10 Pagesprocess, such as a process known as Classical Conditioning. Mind manipulation has been presented by villains throughout movies, novels, and even plays. The play Othello, written around 1603 by William Shakespeare, with the villain character Iago, is characterized as a jealous, hubris, sinister, crafty, and manipulative being. William Shakespeare has managed to write a tragic play where he used Iago’s malicious words to provide early Classical Conditioning, to cloud Ot hello’s mind of critical thoughtsRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1436 Words   |  6 PagesRasheed Patrick Ms. Milliner EES21QH-01 01/17/17 Final Paper In Othello every character has their own personalities that makes them the person they are. In Othello there are characters that show true grit, a fixed mindset, and a growth mindset. Each characters are different which makes the book even more interesting. True grit means to endure and push through to do something better no matter what it takes. An example of grit is studying for a long period of time for a test and enduring the amountRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1240 Words   |  5 PagesRationale In Part Four of the course, Critical Study, we studied Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello. This is a play that comprises of enduring themes of love, betrayal, jealousy, appearance versus reality, racism, and revenge. I chose to write a diary for this play because we are only presented with the facade of these characters. Throughout the play, the audience is left to wonder what goes on behind the scenes. And the only way to achieve this is to put ourselves in their shoes in order to experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare865 Words   |  4 PagesHandkerchief William Shakespeare is a famous writer had written lot of poetry, stories, dramas etc. In his drama, he usually has a sad ending. He introduces a clue that diverts a character’s mind and thought. One of his plays named â€Å"Othello† he introduces a handkerchief as a clue that had diverted different characters’ thoughts. That handkerchief changed from a love token into a source of suspicion in Othello’s mind. In this story, main character named Othello, who gave that handkerchief to his wifeRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1505 Words   |  7 PagesQuanisha Taylor Dr. Traylor English 1102 16 November 2015 Sadistic Motives In William Shakespeare’s play Othello Iago has the ability to charm and convince people of his loyalty and honesty. Iago immediately introduced his malicious desire for revenge, but he had no proven reason for his actions. Throughout the play Iago devises a devious plan to convince the other characters of his cunning contrivance. Iago treats others as the fool with no intentions of caring about their feelings. Behind hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1090 Words   |  5 Pagesyears, women have been seen as inferior and weaker than men, while men are seen as superior and stronger than women. However, the word strong doesn t measure their physical strength, but by their strength to ignore societies standards. Othello by William Shakespeare takes place during the late 16th century a time in which women didn’t have a voice and were expected to be obedient and chaste. Although this was the case for many women, Emilia is a strong character because she stood up for what she believedRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1378 Words   |  6 PagesEES21GH-02 01/20/17 Final paper Throughout the play Othello by William Shakespeare, we sit in on the life of an African American military commander, or Moor, who was deceived by a jealous under officer named Iago. Iago’s only motive for deceiving the Moor was animosity because Othello did not promote him to Lieutenant. With the help of a passive man named Roderigo, Iago was able to convince Othello that his wife had cheated on him with the man Othello did promote to Lieutenant, named Cassio. After convincing

The World Of The Second World War - 1641 Words

The Second World War left the world in a very terrible state. World economies were struggling, and the population grew, demanding a better life from its leaders. The side that won ended up dividing the world again into two parts or more. The United States, the United Kingdom, France and West Germany ended up forming the western bloc. Russia, or as it was called during that period, the Soviet Union, took control of East Germany, and much of eastern Europe as part of a settlement plan between the winning Allied forces. They were referred to as the Eastern Bloc. These two regional groups, engaged with one another by ideology, where one side wished the world would adopt one kind of economic and political ideology while the other sided wished†¦show more content†¦Technology did threaten to end the two nations at once. Historical records show the simulations of attacks and the resulting defense measures for both sides and how at the end, not one of either country would be victorio us. Therefore both the United States and the Soviet Union continued to explore science to come up with better ways of defeating their enemies. Technology and science went as far as to render basic weapons useless and instead moved to improve efficiency in operational and functional systems. Therefore, you could hear about a new detonation system that could work with any bomb or even a better and small explosive that could be used to launched nuclear or other mass destruction weapon components. As the cold war progressed and with every minute being closer to war than the previous, attention began to shift to other unexploited fields in science (Hanhimà ¤ki 673-683). Nuclear bomb technology began to be a primary feature in military functions with sites sprouting up in equal measure for both countries. Besides the scientific expansion began to look into other alternatives like hydrogen bombs which were said to be more dangerous and destructive. Both nations were not shy in the expression of their desire to destroy the other. However, the most notable move in the race for the ultimate weapon moved to space exploration where both countries turned to space to offer the new frontier in war. As such, Russia would build a spaceship and brag aboutShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Second World War1794 Words   |  8 Pages The Second World War lasted from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world s nations, organized into two opposing military alliances: The Allies and the Axis . It is considered the most extensive war, with more than 100 million armed forces assembled. The Allied forces placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, destroying the difference between civilian and military resources. It was the deadliest conflict in human history (Reference)Read MoreThe World Of The Second World War1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second World War is considered to be the bloodiest conflict in the history of mankind with over 60 million deaths in a span of six years. After the end of the war in 1945, many people, Europeans, were determined to prevent any more bloodshed and destruction of that scale from happening again. The first step towards communion between the European countries was to implement economic cooperation. Economic cooperation is the cooperation between countries in terms of imports or exports of goods andRead MoreThe Second World War2302 Words   |  10 PagesSecond World War World War II was one of the greatest struggles humanity has ever seen. This Second World War caused many lives to be lost, damaged personal properties and was expensive, for a great deal of money was required to maintain a country’s military strength. The numbers for those that have passed, been wounded or gone missing during the war could never be calculated precisely; though it has been estimated that more than 55 million lives perished. Many historians have traced the causes ofRead MoreThe Second World War1598 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the end of the Second World War the Nuremberg War Trials were held to prosecute Nazi officials for the abhorrent crimes of the Holocaust. The defence of those charged hinged on the idea that they weren’t guilty of a crime as they were obeying the law of Nazi Germany . Consequently, the trial revived the broader question of whether laws which are inherently immoral can be considered valid law. Moreover, the trial generated fresh d ebate within jurisprudence, in turn leading many to criticiseRead MoreWar On The Second World War923 Words   |  4 Pages War is one of the most dreadful matter in our world today. We have grown up watching news on wars on television channels and news. I am from a country called Bangladesh, where we fought for victory to save our country through a nine months bloody war. And, now we see all this war around different countries in news channels, and newspapers, killing of innocent people. War has nothing to do with killing innocent citizens of a country. The main purpose of war is to fight against one another to protectRead MoreThe Second World War2323 Words   |  10 PagesThe brutality that came with the onset of the Second World War, was that that was unseen by the world in the centuries before. World War Two became one of the defining moments in the 20th century. The scale of the war and the atrocities that came with the desire for the absolute destruction of the enemy was, and will have an effect on the peoples of the world for many years in the future. The Holocaust did not arise through deliberate planning set out right from the time that the NSDAP came intoRead MoreThe Second World War II1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second World War is one of the most familiar wars to the everyday person because of its massive effect on the global community’s future. It is arguably the first and only total war in the history of the war. Hew Strachan believes that it is because of its totality, which is seen through all of the components and scale of World War II. His fellow historian Robert Messer agrees saying â€Å"That first truly global conflict mobilized economies and populations of the world on a scale and degree thatRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Second World War marked the descent of old world powers such as Germany and Great Britain, and the upsurge of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. These two countries became fierce competitors on the international scene, which lead to increasing politic al and military tensions between a US-led Western Bloc and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1947 until 1991, this period of tension became known as the Cold War. Immediately after the Second WorldRead MoreMusic And The Second World War1666 Words   |  7 Pages Music and the Second World War Adam Griffin South Piedmont Community College Music Appreciation 110 – Mr. Campbell â€Å"In World War II, jazz absolutely was the music of freedom, and then in the Cold War, behind the Iron Curtain, same thing. It was all underground, but they needed the food of freedom that jazz offered† – Herbie Hancock. Looking back into history, you could create a timeline of events with nothing but song titles. Music was not just music, it was a lifestyle. Every majorRead MoreThe Outline Of The Second World War932 Words   |  4 Pages- World War 2 and its aftermath mark a clear period in the extension of US empire - as deeply significant to everyday national experience in the war or in the US domestic sphere during this period – a source of wealth perhaps, but not part of the lived US fabric. - US war’s labour force and the way it organised and occupied territory - World War 2 story highlights the moments when these material system - extensive military - the emergence of America as a new world power. - the role of Americans

Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind Free Essays

GENETIC ENGINEERING IS BENEFICIAL TO MANKIND We, Homo sapiens (and every other organism on the planet), become what we are on the basis of the genes we inherit from our parents at the time of our birth. Whether you are tall, short, dark, dusky or fair, have great hair, good health – everything depends on these genes. Earlier these genes were believed to be ‘tamper proof’ and they could not be manipulated. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the human brain and contemporary science does not deem anything as impossible. Thus, we came up with a concept called genetic engineering. Genetic engineering refers to the process of directly tackling an organism’s genes. Molecular cloning and transformation is used in genetic engineering for changing the structure and nature of genes. This technology has brought about a sea change in farming and in human genetics. GE in Human itself The first and one of the most prominent genetic engineering pros is that genetic disorders can be prevented by identifying those genes which cause these diseases in people. The use of genetic engineering to prevent diseases is called gene therapy. This can be extremely advantageous especially when women screen their unborn babies for genetic defects. If there is a chance that the baby can have genetic defects, it can prepare the mother and the doctors before and after the baby delivered. In advanced cases, those problem genes can be corrected. In addition to that, infectious diseases can be controlled and effectively dealt with by implanting genes which code for the antiviral proteins particular to each antigen. Humans can be developed or formed to reflect desirable characteristics. It is being said, theoretically though that this process can drastically change human genomes. This would facilitate in helping people regrow their limbs and other organs. In addition to this, people can be made stronger, faster and smarter, by using genetic engineering in the future. In other cases, if a gene exists in nature which can be good for human beings, it can be ingested in human cells. Soon a possibility of human cloning with the help of human genetics cannot be ruled out. GE in animals Plants and animals can be genetically engineered to make products useful for us. The great example of this is diary animals. Sheep, goats and cows produce a lot of milk. Biologists found that the expression of genes for the major milk proteins is under the control of a promoter. This promoter is a sequence of DNA that causes the adjacent genes to be expressed in the mammary gland. It is called the lactoglobulin promoter. This sets up a really nice opportunity for using genetic engineering. You could take the gene you want expressed in milk and put it into a DNA vector. Then you put this vector into a sheep egg cell. If you do this, the egg can then be developed in the laboratory for a couple of days until it becomes an embryo. You can insert the embryo into a mother and the offspring that are born are sheep that would make milk which contains this extra protein. This was actually behind the reason for cloning Dolly the sheep. GE in Plants Plants can be genetically engineered to make useful products. Genetically engineering a plant is a lot easier than animals. We don’t need to inject into the fertilized egg of a plant. We can take any plant cell grown in a laboratory, put the vector in, and then grow the plant up from that cell. In agriculture, too start off with different crops, genetic engineering can culminate in alteration of the DNA structure of the original crop. This will increase the growth rate of the plant along with its immunity, and resistance towards diseases caused by pathogens and parasites. These factors in turn will be amongst the most important benefits of genetic engineering when it comes to crops. These genetically modified foods could increase the food resources to satisfy everyone’s hunger. This would be done by genetically modified crops for better productivity. These crops could be genetically modified to resist pests, fight bacterial and fungal infections or have great nutritional value. These are just a few benefits of genetic engineering. I’m sure more are coming in the future, as we discover more and more about genes and proteins. How to cite Genetic Engineering Is Beneficial to Mankind, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies Analyzing Essay Example For Students

Lord Of The Flies Analyzing Essay Ralph, the first character introduced to the audience, is probably the most likable character in the entire story. Although he does not ponder such deeply like Piggy, is not as spiritual like Simon, or as energetic as Jack, there is something in him that attracts the audience. Ralph serves as the protagonist of the story. He is described as being a playful, innocent child in the beginning, but towards the end he matures significantly. In the first chapter where he takes his clothes off and goes swimming like any child would do, he seems to be Adam in the Garden of Eden, a child left to play with the nature. However, as the plot progresses, Ralph faces both internal and external conflicts; from those conflicts he greatly matures. Ralph always has the strong belief that all the children will be saved from the island sooner or later; he is so sure that he even insists that they should have fire at all times to signal. However, when the boys abandon the fire which is symbolic of Ralphs hope of getting saved, Ralph faces an internal conflict that makes him fear about their future; perhaps they will not be rescued at all. By insisting that the children should keep the fire going, he creates an external conflict with Jack whose values are different. Jack is enjoying life as a leader of the savages, and he fears that fire will possibly end his authoritarian rule over the savages. Both conflicts are resolved when Ralph finally meets the naval officer. Ralph is one of the few boys who realize that the only way to survive is through peace and order. Because he summons the boys at the beginning of the novel with the conch he and Piggy find, they look upon him as the most responsible of the boys and elect him as a chief over the humiliated Jack. Ralph creates a stable and peaceful society for the children to live; this significantly bothers Jack because he wants to have fun and do things that he never did back in the civilized society. Jack is eventually successful of pulling nearly all of the children out of Ralphs control to form savages. Ralph represents the civilization, and Jack represents the primitive society. Moreover, Ralph is Goldings symbolic method of democracy. To the audience, Ralph seems like Franklin D. Roosevelt during the World War IIhe was certainly capable of stopping the World War II from breaking out, but he could not force anybody thus letting the War break out. Similar comparison is used for Ralph; he is certainly capable of stopping the kids from acting irresponsibly, however, he forces nothing into happening. At first, Ralph gives power to Jack; this is an example of separation of power in a democratic government. Also, even though the children in the island are not acting like they were told to do, Ralph never uses the punishment but instead he tries to talk to the children sensibly into doing the right thing. This eventually fails because Jack offers more exciting actions, but still Ralph refuses to fight Jack for the powers back. Jack, on the other hand, represents the totalitarian, anarchic government where total chaos is created. The two characters are used to provide a contrast between a civilization and a primitive society.Ralph also supports a few themes of the book. One of them is the need for civilization. Ralph, representing the civilization, proves to the audience the fact that in order for a society to function order is necessary. This is the most obvious theme. Also, Ralph, along with the other children, presents another theme to the audienceinnocence and the loss of it. .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .postImageUrl , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:hover , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:visited , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:active { border:0!important; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:active , .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8523b85f8d9147654c9a7b7e5b06028c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pretty Woman Essay Through a transformation in character, Ralph eventually loses his innocence as a child; he is in the position of an adult and is acting and making decisions just like one. Ralph goes through a major character transformation during the island stay. Because of Jacks authoritarian rule, the fear of the beast that never physically existed, and his dependence to the fire, Ralph tries to fight with the problems of being a leader. The childish innocence and playful nature of

Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock free essay sample

An analysis of one frame in the film followed by a discussion of the central theme of the movie in relation to the selected frame. The paper describes a scene in the film Psycho where the leading female character is brutally murdered while showering. It discusses the cinematography and shows how the portrayal of the scene evokes emotions in the audience. The paper analyzes how Alfred Hitchcock uses techniques in order to achieve viewer participation. The shower scene in Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho is one of the most famous in the history of the cinema. Even those who havent seen the picture, there is no doubt that they are familiar with this scene. This scene has set the standard to all the subsequent horror movies and duplicated rather badly in most of the horror pictures. The scene sets the theme of the whole picture and is one of the most violent scenes of the picture. We will write a custom essay sample on Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Factors affecting the job satisfaction among employee among the staff turnover in organisations The WritePass Journal

Factors affecting the job satisfaction among employee among the staff turnover in organisations INTRODUCTION: Factors affecting the job satisfaction among employee among the staff turnover in organisations INTRODUCTION:LITERATURE REVIEW:RESEARCH METHODS:Research design:Sampling plan:Data collection and Interpretation:Ethical issues:Work-PlanREFERENCES:Related INTRODUCTION: Job satisfaction is the feeling of the employee about the job, if he feels good and contained from the job, he is satisfied from the job else vice versa. Job satisfaction is the prime necessity of the employee to keep them retained in any organisation. Job satisfaction is directly proportional to staff turnover and plenty literature exists on this topic. Jackofsky and Peters (1983) were among the earliest researchers who pinned out that there is a huge relationship between the employee leaving the job and the job satisfaction among them and many researchers have established similar relationship. Having worked for one of the company in Pakistan as a permanent employee for 2 years, I was one of the victims of lack of job satisfaction which eventually was the cause for me leaving my job and focussing on my further studies. This experience of myself led me a drive to do a research on the relationship between the job satisfaction and the staff turnover. Since plenty research has already been done on this topic this research tries to find the different factors affecting the job satisfaction of the employee. This research aims to study the different factors associated with job satisfaction and eventually causing staff turnover which when found out could be taken care of and hence providing employee with proper factors and minimising the turnover. Thus this research tries to the following questions. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is job satisfaction the prime culprit behind the staff turnover? One of the questions this research tries to answer is the relationship between the job satisfaction and the staff turnover. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the factors associated with job satisfaction which are causing job dissatisfaction? Secondly, this research tries to analyse the factors associated with job satisfaction and once this is known this helps organisation to take extra care on these factors which are associated with the job satisfaction and eventually leading to the staff turnover. Under this broad endeavour, this research aim to fulfil the objectives. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To postulate the relation between the salaries, supervision, status, security i.e., hygiene factors with job satisfaction. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To analyse the relation between the growth, reorganisation, authority i.e.   motivation factor with job satisfaction. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To postulate the relation between the job satisfaction and staff turnover. Once this research is carried out this will help identify the culprit behind the increasing staff turnover and eventually help management to retain their expertise by taking extra care on those factors. LITERATURE REVIEW: The best suited theory to measure the relationship between the job satisfaction and the staff turnover in many organisations is the Frederick Herzberg and his co-workers (1959) two factors theory and this is why this research is based on the different factors associated with job satisfaction as identified by Herzberg. This theory includes two factors which measures the satisfaction level and the motivation level among the staffs. These factors are: Hygiene factors: These factors are needed to ensure that the employee does not get dissatisfied with their job. The factors are working conditions, quality of supervision, salary, status, security, company policies and administration. Taking care of these factors might reduce the staff turnover and finally resulting in reduced employee cost. Motivation factors: These factors are needed to motivate to employee for higher performance. The factors are achievement, recognition for achievement, responsibility for task, interest in the job, growth. Thus, in any organisations these two factors are essential component and in order to keep their staff retained and motivated. Providing employee with proper hygiene factors ensures that they do not get dissatisfied but that does not mean that they are satisfied. In fact it is the motivation factors as mentioned above that helps the organisation to keep their staff satisfied with their job. Thus, we look into both different hygiene and motivation factors that have the relation with the staff turnover. Jackofsky and Peters (1983) were among the first researchers who pinned out a relationship between the job satisfaction and the turnover among the employee. Current research studies recommended that worker turnover was related to job satisfaction generated from factors internal and external to the organization. Allen, Drevs, Rube,(1999); Cooper-Hakim Viswesvaran, (2005); Slattery Selvarajan, (2005); Trevor, (2001), Price et al. (2007) all supported the fact   that job satisfaction was on top of all   the main reason of employee leaving the job.   In one of the research carried out by Bass, (1990); Hoffman, (2007); Owens, (2006) it was found out that organisations profited with increase in production, decrease in staff turnover and increased efficiency when provided with good working condition. Managers having the knowledge of negative impact of employee turnover take extra care on the working environment of the company and by doing this they not only retain their expertise in their company but also save the extra cost that need to be invested on training and education of new staff once their experienced staff leave the job due to job dissatisfaction. The study of staff turnover clearly indicated that job contentment was one of the main reasons behind staff leaving the job. It is clear that the management needs to understand the need and importance of the motivation to keep their skilled and expert employee retained which eventually profits the company not only by saving the extra investment on the training their new employee but also by gaining the competitive advantage on their rival companies . Lockwood, (2007)   noticed that the employee are hugely affected by by managers behaviours, training, work division, authority, job life balance, employee return and pay   are all dependent on the behaviour of the managers.   All these mentioned factors have a huge connection with the job satisfaction of the employee and on lack of these proper motivation factors employee tend to quit from their current job (Daly Dee, 2006; Lambert, Hogan, Barton, 2001; Zellars et al., 2005). Ramlall (2004) suggested that worker spur has consequence on worker turnover rate in the organization. Ramlall, (2004) suggested that the companies benefits a lot by retaining their expert and skilled employee and the most appropriate way of doing it is to provide them with proper hygiene and motivational factors.   Lack of sufficient training to make employee cope with different circumstances and chances of growth opportunities is also one of the major reasons for turnover among employees. Green (2004) suggested that providing employees with good training and proper development opportunities makes a lot of difference in turnover rate and it certainly aids in decreased staff turnover. According to Owens (2006), training improved â€Å"job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover cognition† and, in addition the performance of the company as well. Little (2006) found out that more than double the amount of staffs tends to leave the companies in absence of proper tr aining which goes down significantly on providing proper training. Elton Mayo came out with a finding that it is the job characteristics that have more priority over the wage or salary of the employee which was also supported by Wren, (1994). Rai, (2004) carried out a research and concluded that motivation helps both organisation as well as the employee to achieve their personal goals as well and by having motivated staffs companies can achieve its targets effectively . Jones.B Lloyd, (2005) conducted a research and identified that the policies of the company, remuneration, leader styles and the co-operation among the staff of the companies are the main points to be taken care of so that the staff do not get dissatisfied. Having provided staffs with all these factors does not confirm the motivation. It just confirms that the staffs do not get dissatisfied. To make them satisfied they need to be provided with motivation factors such as working environment, safety, growth as pointed out by Kinnear and Sutherland, (2001); Meudell and Rodham, (1998); Maertz and Griffeth, (2004). These are the factors that really helps the employee to be motivated and these are the factors that the company should take care of in order to keep their staff motivated retain their experts as well as get maximum benefits from their work and experience. Thus, from the literature available we came to know that there are different factors associated with job satisfaction which has an effect on turnover. We also came to know that to keep the staff satisfied we should first of all take care that they do not get dissatisfied. The different factors associated with job satisfaction and eventually leading to turnover are: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pay: Ting (1997) emphasized the importance of pay is powerfully determined of job satisfaction. in addition, he also explained two different type of pay methods effect on job satisfaction; contentment with pay itself and satisfaction with monetary scenario in the future. There is an established importance of two types which are related with job satisfaction. Katz, (1987) in his research concluded that better payment not only makes the staff satisfied with the job but also help in the retention of the staffs. He not only emphasised that there is a strong correlation between the job satisfaction and the payment method but also the job satisfaction and the turnover among the staffs.   Akerlof, (1984) also supported the above mentioned findings by Katz and also included that better payment method increases the loyalty as well as the productivity and the efficiency of the organisations. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Supervision: Bradley, Petrescu and Simmons (2004) investigate the impact of human resource management practices related to job satisfaction. They confirmed the relation between the job satisfaction and the supervision and also confirmed that on absence of proper and efficient supervision they tend to quit from the job. In highly skilled jobs like engineering, RD the excessive intervention of supervisor is undesirable and the employee quit from their jobs. Keashly and Jagatic (2000) give an idea about poor of supervision lead the dissatisfaction of workers or employees. Moreover, later study by Karasek and Theorell (1990) finds that deprived administration not only caused the dissatisfaction of employees’ work, but also turnover. In addition, Harmon et al., (2007) explains the manage overwork exercise which is supervision significantly correlated with amplified job satisfaction and lower turnover rates among the labour. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Training:   Tan Batra, 1995; Aw Tan, (1995), Schaffner   (2001) on his study affirm the affiliation among job training and efficiency, yet job training tends to be drop value when the workers alter job, therefore the organization or firm boost the charge of keeping skilled position packed. In spite of, there is in uncertainly of the association connecting job training and turnover. Many studies have been overcome the suspicion such as Batt (2002) finds that â€Å"high-involvement† exercises such as independence, team group effort, and training are correlated to reduce employee turnover and enlarged productivity. Supporting by Lynch (1991) gives an idea about untaught labour lead to change job more often. A long the similar line, Huselid, Jackson and Schular (1995) come across that an growing in efficiency work excercises alter declining in turnover (Bradley, Petrescu   Simmons, 2004). Lack of suitable exercise is one of the major reasons for turnove r. Green (2004) suggested that suitable assortment of the applicant and nurturing them from good training and proper progress opportunities makes a lot of difference in turnover rate as supported by Allen Katz, (1995); Gordon Bal, (2001). Thus, we clearly see from the above literature that job training, pay methods, supervisions are the prime reasons of job satisfaction. If the employees are provided with the proper training, proper pay and good guidance the satisfaction level among the staffs are high and this has a direct effect on the turnover. If the satisfaction among staff is high they tend to retain to their current jobs and if the satisfaction level is low they tend to quit from their current job. So, this research wills basically testing the validity of these factors and their correlation between the job satisfaction and the staff turnover. So this research will be carried out following the above theoretical framework. As suggested by the framework, provision of appropriate training, pay and supervision leads to job satisfaction whereas, inappropriate or no training, lesser pay, and poor supervision leads to turnover. RESEARCH METHODS: The research proposed will follow a deductive approach and will be and cross-sectional in nature being a study of particular phenomenon at a particular time. The research will follow a survey strategy as most cross-sectional studies do (Easterby-Smith et al.,2002;Robson,2002). According to Fink (2003), surveys are systems for collecting quantitative information from people to describe people, their approach and their activities. Furthermore, survey integrates multiple pros, compared to other ways of research strategies. Some advantages of them are listed below: Allows flexibility in terms of doing the survey like one could take interview for the data collection, send questionnaire through post or mails, take telephone interview or even observe the sample population and then generalise the result among the particular population on which the research is based on. Surveys are cheap and efficient way of collecting information from large number of people. The questioned asked are up to the target which is then documented, veiled, and analyzed. Time and money on tangential questions is saved. It is reliable due to being simple, easily understood by most population and being motivated towards the population. Researcher’s preconceived notion is greatly eliminated. Feasibility of large samples at a time makes result statistically momentous, even when multiple variables are being compared. Standardization provides you more control over the research process and helps reducing several errors. Research design: The research will be descriptive, cross-sectional in nature. The quantitative research consists of the detail and fully prepared and administered questionnaire satisfying the Fing’s (2003) features for the best survey information system. The research questionnaire will be divided in three groups first it will be demographic, like age, sex, location and the name of the company. The second section will be about measuring the supervision, job training and pay in the company. This section will have the questionnaire which are rated from 1 to 5 like 1(strongly agree) 2(agree), and similarly 5 (strongly disagree). The third section will consist of the questionnaire in order to measure the job satisfaction level and turnover. Dependent variables: Staff turnover, satisfaction. Independent variables: job training, pay , supervision. Sampling plan: The sample in this research would be all the staffs working in an organisations and the manager supervising those staffs of any randomly selected organisations. It is assumed that there would be around 30 staffs in each organisation so the total sample size is around 600 participants, which will in fact provide the detail calculation. Data collection and Interpretation: The entire prepared questionnaire will be mailed to the staffs of the organisations selection through a monkey survey accounted that is created for this survey. Maximum of 8 weeks is given to the staffs to return the questionnaire. Once all the data is collected, the calculation of the sample who did not return the questionnaire is done also the number of sample who did not fully answered the questionnaire is calculated. The collected data are then entered in to the SPSS. All the data collected will be analysed in form of graphs and figures by the use of computer programs. Ethical issues: Permission will be taken from the authorised personnel of the organisation and each staff and manager will be informed before the commencement of supplying them with the questionnaire. Work-Plan The proposed work plan for this study is explained in following time-scale (each column=28 days or 4weeks): The effort put in to work each day was 5 hours a day making each column 28*5=140 hours of effort which was double in case of data collection and the writing of full report, it took time the time for other column which was 280hours of effort. REFERENCES: Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornill, A. (2003) Research methods for business students 3rd ,edn., , Essex: Pearson. Robson, C. (2002) Real world research (2nd edn), Oxford, Blackwell. Fink, A. (2003) A survey kit. 2nd ,edn.,   London: sage publications. Katz, L. (1987). Efficiency wage theories: A partial evaluation.   S. Fischer ed., NBER   Macroeconomics Annual, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press Lynch. L. (1991).   The impact of private sector training on race and   gender wage deferential   and the career patterns of young workers. Final Report submitted to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Hackman, J. R. Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey.   Journal   of Applied   Psychology, 60, 159-170. Harmon, J., Scotti, D. J., Behson, S., Farias, G., Petzel, R., Neuman, J. H. Keashly, L. (2007). Effects of highinvolvement work systems on employee satisfaction and services costs in Veterans Healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 48(6), 1-14. Hequet. M (1993). Can training stop turnover? Training, 30(10):82-87. Hellman, C. M. (1997). Job satisfaction and intent to leave. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(6), 667-689. Herzberg, (1966). Work and the Nature of Man. Ohio: World Publishing. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635-72. Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E. Schular, R. S. (1995). The   significance of human recourse   management implementation effectiveness for corporate financial performance.   Paper presented to the Academy. Tan, H. W. Batra, G. (1995).Enterprise Training in Developing Countries: Overview of   Incidence, Determinants, and Productivity Outcomes.   World Bank Occasional Paper   Series, World Bank, Washington, D.C Schaffner, J. A. (2001).Turnover and Job Training in Developing and Developed Countries:   Evidence from Colombia and the United States. Greenberg, J. Baron, R. A. (1997). Behaviour in organizations: Understanding and managing the Human side of work, 6th ed, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W. Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and   correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator test, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26, 463-488 Allen, T.J. and Katz, R. (1995), The project-oriented engineer: a dilemma for human resource management, RD Management, Vol. 25 No. 2,pp. 129-40. Bigliardi.B et al.(2005) , ), Organizational socialization,career aspirations and turnover intentions among design engineers’’,journal of Engineering and Technology management. Allen, W. R., Drevs, R. A., Rube, J. A. (1999). Reasons why college-educated women change employment. Journal of Business Psychology, 14(1), 77-93. Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business research methods (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill Cooper-Hakim, A., Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment. Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating. Jackofsky, E. F., Peters, L. H. (1983). Job turnover versus company turnover: Lockwood, N. R. (2007). Leveraging employee engagement for competitive advantage :HR’s strategic role. HR Magazine. Owens, P. L. (2006). One more reason not to cut your training budget: The relationship between training and organizational outcomes. Public Personnel Management. Price, W. H., Kiekbusch, R., Theis, J. (2007). Causes of employee turnover in sheriff operated jails. Public Personnel Management.quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Rai, S. (2004). Motivational theories and incentives approaches. IIMB Management review. Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Reassessment of the March and Simon participation hypothesis. Trevor, C. O. (2001). Interactions among actual ease of movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover. Academy of Management. Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., Barton, S. M. (2001). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: A test of a structural measurement model using a national sample Gordon, Y.J. and Bal, J. (2001), â€Å"The effects of technology-based learning on design engineers and the organisation†, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 167-74. Daly, C. J., Dee, J. R. (2006). Greener pastures: Faculty turnover intent in urban public universities. Journal of Higher Education. Miller, D.B. (1986), Managing Professionals in Research and Development, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Wren, D. A. (1994). The evolution of management thought (4th ed.). New York: John Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage. Zellars, K. L., Hochwarter, W. A., Perrewe, P. L., Miles, A. K., Kiewitz, C. (2005).

Ecology of the Box Jelly fish (can change it if writer desires ) Essay

Ecology of the Box Jelly fish (can change it if writer desires ) - Essay Example And as the temperature in our waters heats-up, it harms and kills the algae which serve as food to other living organism in the ocean. When that happens, it inadvertently destroys the ecosystem and balance in the ocean (252-253). There have been several causes of global warming. The most obvious is the carbon dioxide emission from our use of fossil fuels like gas, oil and coal has been the primary culprit of global warming as it traps heat to remain in our atmosphere that makes it warmer. Much of carbon dioxide emission comes from our energy use ranging from the electricity that lights our houses to the to the carbon emission of our cars and industrial plants. Another is population explosion as people now have higher life expectancy resulting to an increased in population that burdens the planet as too many people emits carbon dioxide that is beyond her regenerative capacity. Everybody agrees that the environment has to be protected and that the continuous warming of our atmosphere w ill have a serious consequence on the environment; weather pattern changes, agricultural yields become unpredictable and disrupt the ecosystem of our waters. Yet, this has to be balanced with the energy needs of both developed and developing countries. For any serious effort to reduce greenhouse emission requires the cooperation and commitment of everybody to make it workable. Sustaining the climatic conditions which are necessary to sustain life on the planet and the mitigation of the global warming caused by greenhouse gases build-up in the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans must be done to enable the survivability of all forms of life and its environment. Thus, Massawe conducted a research to formulate a theoretical basis for the â€Å"development of empirical model of global warming fit on the main global determinants of human activities caused greenhouse gases build-up in the atmosphere to enable the identification of global regulations which could be administered to control global warming and the resultant climate change† (254). It was aimed that with such global warming control, it would be able to mitigate climate change that would achieve â€Å"greenhouse gases emission and build-up in the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans based on the generation and deployment of global solutions† (254). Massawe identified the determinants of global warming as the population estimate, birth rate, death rate, hydropower consumption, geothermal power consumption, nuclear power consumption, solar power consumption, wind power consumption, bio-fuel consumption, coal consumption, oil consumption, gas consumption, defense spending, GDP, greenhouse gases emission estimate and forest coverage estimate. He concluded that the solution to the mitigation of global warming is possible by replacing the determinants in individual countries with the global determinants. In effect, the research suggested that global warming and climate change cannot be solved by in dividual countries and that it can only be addressed by international cooperation with all countries, both developed and developing are in cooperation to address the determinants of global warming. How the article increased my knowledge or changed my point of view on the topic. The study was an eye opener for me and in a way, enhanced my understanding about ecology